Windows Vista Forums
Vista Forums Home Join Vista Forums Windows 7 Forum Vista Tutorials Tags
Welcome to Windows Vista Forums. Our forum is dedicated to helping you find solutions with any problems, errors or issues you are experiencing with Windows Vista. The Vista forum also covers news and updates and has an extensive Windows Vista tutorial section that covers a wide range of tips and tricks.

Go Back   Vista Forums > Vista Newsgroups > Vista file management

Vista - Windows Search service won't start

Reply
 
Old 08-23-2007   #1 (permalink)
Brad


 
 

Windows Search service won't start

I am having a terrible experience with getting the "Windows Search" service
to start/run. I would greatly appreciate advice/suggestions for finding a
"fix" for it.

Here are the details so far.

Similarities to previously mentioned "Windows Search" service problems:

When I attempt to start the "Windows Search" service manually, I get an
error message box which says: "Windows could not start the Windows Search on
Local Computer. For more information, review the System Event Log. If this
is a non-Microsoft service, contact the service vendor, and refer to
service-specific error code - 2147218141)"

Related services (RPC and DCOM S.P.L.) running, no problems (that I can tell).

In the Control Panel, in the Indexing Options dialog box, the window
displayes "Indexing not running". Both the "Modify" and "Advanced" buttons
are grayed out (I can not make any changes).

running SFC /scannow had no effect

The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data " is present and has 3
folders in it. They are: "Applications", "Config", and "Temp".

The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" is present and
contains two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt.

Here is something that I thought seemed peculiar. In the registry at:
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
Search\Gather\Windows\SystemIndex\Sites\{s-1-5-21-2809944867-2680333499-3313531811-1107}\Paths\15"
when I click on the "15", I get an error message saying, "15 cannot be
opened. An error is preventing this key from being opened. Details: The
system cannot find the file specified." Along that same registry path, under
the "Sites" key, there are four peer keys; the one I mentioned and three more
with similar names.

Does the latter info shed any light as to what's going on with my PC? I am
open to and would greatly appreciate any suggestions (short of totally
reinstalling) anyone may have.

Thanks in advance for any ideas/suggestions on helping me get this resolved,
Brad

ps: I have read Nevet's similar post on 7/31/2007


My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-23-2007   #2 (permalink)


Vista x64 Ultimate SP2, Windows 7 Ultimate x64
 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

Quote  Quote: Originally Posted by Brad View Post
I am having a terrible experience with getting the "Windows Search" service
to start/run. I would greatly appreciate advice/suggestions for finding a
"fix" for it.

Here are the details so far.

Similarities to previously mentioned "Windows Search" service problems:

When I attempt to start the "Windows Search" service manually, I get an
error message box which says: "Windows could not start the Windows Search on
Local Computer. For more information, review the System Event Log. If this
is a non-Microsoft service, contact the service vendor, and refer to
service-specific error code - 2147218141)"

Related services (RPC and DCOM S.P.L.) running, no problems (that I can tell).

In the Control Panel, in the Indexing Options dialog box, the window
displayes "Indexing not running". Both the "Modify" and "Advanced" buttons
are grayed out (I can not make any changes).

running SFC /scannow had no effect

The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data " is present and has 3
folders in it. They are: "Applications", "Config", and "Temp".

The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" is present and
contains two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt.

Here is something that I thought seemed peculiar. In the registry at:
"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
Search\Gather\Windows\SystemIndex\Sites\{s-1-5-21-2809944867-2680333499-3313531811-1107}\Paths\15"
when I click on the "15", I get an error message saying, "15 cannot be
opened. An error is preventing this key from being opened. Details: The
system cannot find the file specified." Along that same registry path, under
the "Sites" key, there are four peer keys; the one I mentioned and three more
with similar names.

Does the latter info shed any light as to what's going on with my PC? I am
open to and would greatly appreciate any suggestions (short of totally
reinstalling) anyone may have.

Thanks in advance for any ideas/suggestions on helping me get this resolved,
Brad

ps: I have read Nevet's similar post on 7/31/2007
Hi Brad,

This will show you how to get it started and fixed for you.

Index - Windows Search Service

Shawn
My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-24-2007   #3 (permalink)
Brad


 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

Brink, thanks so much for the link. It was written in a way that was easy to
read and follow - very concise. Excellent "how-to"! However, after
following each and every step, then rebooting, my Windows Search service
still will not start (automatically or manually).

note: In the "how to", it suggested that the folder
"C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" folder would be missing. Mine
was present and contained the two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt. Just
as a precaution, I went ahead and deleted my existing Config folder,
re-created it and replaced the two .txt files.

Have any other suggestions in your Great Bag'O-Tricks?

Thanks,
BT


"brink" wrote:

>
> Brad;430130 Wrote:
> > I am having a terrible experience with getting the "Windows Search"
> > service
> > to start/run. I would greatly appreciate advice/suggestions for finding
> > a
> > "fix" for it.
> >
> > Here are the details so far.
> >
> > Similarities to previously mentioned "Windows Search" service problems:
> >
> > When I attempt to start the "Windows Search" service manually, I get an
> > error message box which says: "Windows could not start the Windows
> > Search on
> > Local Computer. For more information, review the System Event Log. If
> > this
> > is a non-Microsoft service, contact the service vendor, and refer to
> > service-specific error code - 2147218141)"
> >
> > Related services (RPC and DCOM S.P.L.) running, no problems (that I can
> > tell).
> >
> > In the Control Panel, in the Indexing Options dialog box, the window
> > displayes "Indexing not running". Both the "Modify" and "Advanced"
> > buttons
> > are grayed out (I can not make any changes).
> >
> > running SFC /scannow had no effect
> >
> > The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data " is present and has
> > 3
> > folders in it. They are: "Applications", "Config", and "Temp".
> >
> > The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" is present
> > and
> > contains two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt.
> >
> > Here is something that I thought seemed peculiar. In the registry at:
> > "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
> > Search\Gather\Windows\SystemIndex\Sites\{s-1-5-21-2809944867-2680333499-3313531811-1107}\Paths\15"
> > when I click on the "15", I get an error message saying, "15 cannot be
> > opened. An error is preventing this key from being opened. Details: The
> > system cannot find the file specified." Along that same registry path,
> > under
> > the "Sites" key, there are four peer keys; the one I mentioned and
> > three more
> > with similar names.
> >
> > Does the latter info shed any light as to what's going on with my PC? I
> > am
> > open to and would greatly appreciate any suggestions (short of totally
> > reinstalling) anyone may have.
> >
> > Thanks in advance for any ideas/suggestions on helping me get this
> > resolved,
> > Brad
> >
> > ps: I have read Nevet's similar post on 7/31/2007

>
> Hi Brad,
>
> This will show you how to get it started and fixed for you.
>
> Index - Windows Search Service
>
> Shawn
>
>
> --
> brink
>
> *There are no dumb questions, just the people that do not ask them.*
> _http://www.Vistax64.com (\"http://www.Vistax64.com\")_
> *Please post feedback to help others.*
>

My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-24-2007   #4 (permalink)


Vista x64 Ultimate SP2, Windows 7 Ultimate x64
 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

Quote  Quote: Originally Posted by Brad View Post
Brink, thanks so much for the link. It was written in a way that was easy to
read and follow - very concise. Excellent "how-to"! However, after
following each and every step, then rebooting, my Windows Search service
still will not start (automatically or manually).

note: In the "how to", it suggested that the folder
"C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" folder would be missing. Mine
was present and contained the two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt. Just
as a precaution, I went ahead and deleted my existing Config folder,
re-created it and replaced the two .txt files.

Have any other suggestions in your Great Bag'O-Tricks?

Thanks,
BT
BT,

In Step Three number 3 screenshot, try deleting the contents of the three folders (Applications, Config, Temp) so that they are empty. Then, try all the steps again and see how it goes.

Index - Windows Search Service

Shawn
My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-24-2007   #5 (permalink)
Brad


 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

All of the folders (Applications, Config and Temp) were/are empty except for
the two .txt files that I copied as per your earlier instructions. Going up
one folder level, there is another Config folder (..\Search\Config) which
contains the file: msscolmn.txt.

BT


"brink" wrote:

>
> Brad;431851 Wrote:
> > Brink, thanks so much for the link. It was written in a way that was
> > easy to
> > read and follow - very concise. Excellent "how-to"! However, after
> > following each and every step, then rebooting, my Windows Search
> > service
> > still will not start (automatically or manually).
> >
> > note: In the "how to", it suggested that the folder
> > "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" folder would be missing.
> > Mine
> > was present and contained the two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt.
> > Just
> > as a precaution, I went ahead and deleted my existing Config folder,
> > re-created it and replaced the two .txt files.
> >
> > Have any other suggestions in your Great Bag'O-Tricks?
> >
> > Thanks,
> > BT
> >
> >

>
> BT,
>
> In Step Three number 3 screenshot, try deleting the contents of the
> three folders (Applications, Config, Temp) so that they are empty.
> Then, try all the steps again and see how it goes.
>
> Index - Windows Search Service
>
> Shawn
>
>
> --
> brink
>
> *There are no dumb questions, just the people that do not ask them.*
> _http://www.Vistax64.com (\"http://www.Vistax64.com\")_
> *Please post feedback to help others.*
>

My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-24-2007   #6 (permalink)


Vista x64 Ultimate SP2, Windows 7 Ultimate x64
 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

Quote  Quote: Originally Posted by Brad View Post
All of the folders (Applications, Config and Temp) were/are empty except for
the two .txt files that I copied as per your earlier instructions. Going up
one folder level, there is another Config folder (..\Search\Config) which
contains the file: msscolmn.txt.

BT
BT,

In "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search", the only folder that should be in Search is "Data". I would delete the other Config folder completely.

Shawn
My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-24-2007   #7 (permalink)
Dave Wood [MS]


 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

Hi Brad,

Sorry that Windows Search is not working for you. I have a couple of
suggestions, although I'm not sure what the issue is:

- What does the event viewer say? {Event Viewer -> Windows Logs ->
Application is where most search-related events are shown}

- Some people have reported that modifying the security permissions on the
whole of their drive can cause Search not to work. For example you might
'take ownership' of of random folders to avoid unneeded prompts and
access-denied messages. But if you end up changing the permissions on
C:\programdata\microsoft\search so SYSTEM no longer has full access to this
folder than this may prevent search from working. I haven't verified this
but it may be worth checking.

Dave


"Brad" <Brad@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
news690854B-5C31-4D80-8FA3-D7862498CEA2@microsoft.com...
> Brink, thanks so much for the link. It was written in a way that was easy
> to
> read and follow - very concise. Excellent "how-to"! However, after
> following each and every step, then rebooting, my Windows Search service
> still will not start (automatically or manually).
>
> note: In the "how to", it suggested that the folder
> "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" folder would be missing.
> Mine
> was present and contained the two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt.
> Just
> as a precaution, I went ahead and deleted my existing Config folder,
> re-created it and replaced the two .txt files.
>
> Have any other suggestions in your Great Bag'O-Tricks?
>
> Thanks,
> BT
>
>
> "brink" wrote:
>
>>
>> Brad;430130 Wrote:
>> > I am having a terrible experience with getting the "Windows Search"
>> > service
>> > to start/run. I would greatly appreciate advice/suggestions for finding
>> > a
>> > "fix" for it.
>> >
>> > Here are the details so far.
>> >
>> > Similarities to previously mentioned "Windows Search" service problems:
>> >
>> > When I attempt to start the "Windows Search" service manually, I get an
>> > error message box which says: "Windows could not start the Windows
>> > Search on
>> > Local Computer. For more information, review the System Event Log. If
>> > this
>> > is a non-Microsoft service, contact the service vendor, and refer to
>> > service-specific error code - 2147218141)"
>> >
>> > Related services (RPC and DCOM S.P.L.) running, no problems (that I can
>> > tell).
>> >
>> > In the Control Panel, in the Indexing Options dialog box, the window
>> > displayes "Indexing not running". Both the "Modify" and "Advanced"
>> > buttons
>> > are grayed out (I can not make any changes).
>> >
>> > running SFC /scannow had no effect
>> >
>> > The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data " is present and has
>> > 3
>> > folders in it. They are: "Applications", "Config", and "Temp".
>> >
>> > The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" is present
>> > and
>> > contains two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt.
>> >
>> > Here is something that I thought seemed peculiar. In the registry at:
>> > "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
>> > Search\Gather\Windows\SystemIndex\Sites\{s-1-5-21-2809944867-2680333499-3313531811-1107}\Paths\15"
>> > when I click on the "15", I get an error message saying, "15 cannot be
>> > opened. An error is preventing this key from being opened. Details: The
>> > system cannot find the file specified." Along that same registry path,
>> > under
>> > the "Sites" key, there are four peer keys; the one I mentioned and
>> > three more
>> > with similar names.
>> >
>> > Does the latter info shed any light as to what's going on with my PC? I
>> > am
>> > open to and would greatly appreciate any suggestions (short of totally
>> > reinstalling) anyone may have.
>> >
>> > Thanks in advance for any ideas/suggestions on helping me get this
>> > resolved,
>> > Brad
>> >
>> > ps: I have read Nevet's similar post on 7/31/2007

>>
>> Hi Brad,
>>
>> This will show you how to get it started and fixed for you.
>>
>> Index - Windows Search Service
>>
>> Shawn
>>
>>
>> --
>> brink
>>
>> *There are no dumb questions, just the people that do not ask them.*
>> _http://www.Vistax64.com (\"http://www.Vistax64.com\")_
>> *Please post feedback to help others.*
>>


My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-24-2007   #8 (permalink)
Brad


 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

Hi Dave, good idea on checking the logs and rights, here's what I found.

Events (logged in this order)

Application log:
EventID 1008 The Windows Search Service is attempting to remove the old
catalog.
EventID 1010 The Windows Search Service has successfully removed the old
catalog.
EventID 1004 The Windows Search service is creating the SystemIndex
search index.
EventID 1006 The Windows Search Service has failed to created the new
system catalog. Internal error <1,0x800700b7>.
EventID 1013 Windows Search Service stopped normally.

System log:
EventID 7036 The Windows Search service entered the stopped state.
EventID 7024 The Windows Search service terminated with service-specific
error 2147749155 (0x80040D23).
EventID 7034 The Windows Search service terminated unexpectedly. It has
done this 13 time(s).

This pattern of errors constantly repeats.

The "System" account has "full control" rights on the
C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search folder, as well as all the folder/files
downstream from there.

Brad

=======================

"Dave Wood [MS]" wrote:

> Hi Brad,
>
> Sorry that Windows Search is not working for you. I have a couple of
> suggestions, although I'm not sure what the issue is:
>
> - What does the event viewer say? {Event Viewer -> Windows Logs ->
> Application is where most search-related events are shown}
>
> - Some people have reported that modifying the security permissions on the
> whole of their drive can cause Search not to work. For example you might
> 'take ownership' of of random folders to avoid unneeded prompts and
> access-denied messages. But if you end up changing the permissions on
> C:\programdata\microsoft\search so SYSTEM no longer has full access to this
> folder than this may prevent search from working. I haven't verified this
> but it may be worth checking.
>
> Dave
>
>
> "Brad" <Brad@discussions.microsoft.com> wrote in message
> news690854B-5C31-4D80-8FA3-D7862498CEA2@microsoft.com...
> > Brink, thanks so much for the link. It was written in a way that was easy
> > to
> > read and follow - very concise. Excellent "how-to"! However, after
> > following each and every step, then rebooting, my Windows Search service
> > still will not start (automatically or manually).
> >
> > note: In the "how to", it suggested that the folder
> > "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" folder would be missing.
> > Mine
> > was present and contained the two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt.
> > Just
> > as a precaution, I went ahead and deleted my existing Config folder,
> > re-created it and replaced the two .txt files.
> >
> > Have any other suggestions in your Great Bag'O-Tricks?
> >
> > Thanks,
> > BT
> >
> >
> > "brink" wrote:
> >
> >>
> >> Brad;430130 Wrote:
> >> > I am having a terrible experience with getting the "Windows Search"
> >> > service
> >> > to start/run. I would greatly appreciate advice/suggestions for finding
> >> > a
> >> > "fix" for it.
> >> >
> >> > Here are the details so far.
> >> >
> >> > Similarities to previously mentioned "Windows Search" service problems:
> >> >
> >> > When I attempt to start the "Windows Search" service manually, I get an
> >> > error message box which says: "Windows could not start the Windows
> >> > Search on
> >> > Local Computer. For more information, review the System Event Log. If
> >> > this
> >> > is a non-Microsoft service, contact the service vendor, and refer to
> >> > service-specific error code - 2147218141)"
> >> >
> >> > Related services (RPC and DCOM S.P.L.) running, no problems (that I can
> >> > tell).
> >> >
> >> > In the Control Panel, in the Indexing Options dialog box, the window
> >> > displayes "Indexing not running". Both the "Modify" and "Advanced"
> >> > buttons
> >> > are grayed out (I can not make any changes).
> >> >
> >> > running SFC /scannow had no effect
> >> >
> >> > The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data " is present and has
> >> > 3
> >> > folders in it. They are: "Applications", "Config", and "Temp".
> >> >
> >> > The folder: "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Config" is present
> >> > and
> >> > contains two files: gathrprm.txt and schema.txt.
> >> >
> >> > Here is something that I thought seemed peculiar. In the registry at:
> >> > "HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
> >> > Search\Gather\Windows\SystemIndex\Sites\{s-1-5-21-2809944867-2680333499-3313531811-1107}\Paths\15"
> >> > when I click on the "15", I get an error message saying, "15 cannot be
> >> > opened. An error is preventing this key from being opened. Details: The
> >> > system cannot find the file specified." Along that same registry path,
> >> > under
> >> > the "Sites" key, there are four peer keys; the one I mentioned and
> >> > three more
> >> > with similar names.
> >> >
> >> > Does the latter info shed any light as to what's going on with my PC? I
> >> > am
> >> > open to and would greatly appreciate any suggestions (short of totally
> >> > reinstalling) anyone may have.
> >> >
> >> > Thanks in advance for any ideas/suggestions on helping me get this
> >> > resolved,
> >> > Brad
> >> >
> >> > ps: I have read Nevet's similar post on 7/31/2007
> >>
> >> Hi Brad,
> >>
> >> This will show you how to get it started and fixed for you.
> >>
> >> Index - Windows Search Service
> >>
> >> Shawn
> >>
> >>
> >> --
> >> brink
> >>
> >> *There are no dumb questions, just the people that do not ask them.*
> >> _http://www.Vistax64.com (\"http://www.Vistax64.com\")_
> >> *Please post feedback to help others.*
> >>

>
>

My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-27-2007   #9 (permalink)
Brad


 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

Hi Shawn,
Have any brain-storms over the weekend as to what else could be preventing
Windows Search from starting/running? I'm at my wits end on possible
solutions and it's *oh so* frustrating not being able to find particular
emails ... not to mention the slow file searchs.

*Any* suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Ohhh - from my first post:

Here is something that I thought seemed peculiar. In the registry at:

"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
Search\Gather\Windows\SystemIndex\Sites\{s-1-5-21-2809944867-2680333499-3313531811-1107}\Paths\15"

when I click on the "15", I get an error message saying, "15 cannot be
opened. An error is preventing this key from being opened. Details: The
system cannot find the file specified." Along that same registry path, under
the "Sites" key, there are four peer keys; the one I mentioned and three more
with similar names.

If this requires further explaination, please let me know and I'll make some
screen shots of the keys in question.

Thanks,
Brad



"brink" wrote:
Quote:

>
> Brad;432267 Wrote:
Quote:

> > All of the folders (Applications, Config and Temp) were/are empty except
> > for
> > the two .txt files that I copied as per your earlier instructions.
> > Going up
> > one folder level, there is another Config folder (..\Search\Config)
> > which
> > contains the file: msscolmn.txt.
> >
> > BT
> >
> >
>
> BT,
>
> In "C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search", the only folder that should be in
> Search is "Data". I would delete the other Config folder completely.
>
> Shawn
>
>
> --
> brink
>
> *There are no dumb questions, just the people that do not ask them.*
> _http://www.Vistax64.com (\"http://www.Vistax64.com\")_
> *Please post feedback to help others.*
>
My System SpecsSystem Spec
Old 08-27-2007   #10 (permalink)


Vista x64 Ultimate SP2, Windows 7 Ultimate x64
 
 

Re: Windows Search service won't start

Quote  Quote: Originally Posted by Brad View Post
Hi Shawn,
Have any brain-storms over the weekend as to what else could be preventing
Windows Search from starting/running? I'm at my wits end on possible
solutions and it's *oh so* frustrating not being able to find particular
emails ... not to mention the slow file searchs.

*Any* suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

Ohhh - from my first post:

Here is something that I thought seemed peculiar. In the registry at:

"HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows
Search\Gather\Windows\SystemIndex\Sites\{s-1-5-21-2809944867-2680333499-3313531811-1107}\Paths\15"

when I click on the "15", I get an error message saying, "15 cannot be
opened. An error is preventing this key from being opened. Details: The
system cannot find the file specified." Along that same registry path, under
the "Sites" key, there are four peer keys; the one I mentioned and three more
with similar names.

If this requires further explaination, please let me know and I'll make some
screen shots of the keys in question.

Thanks,
Brad
Brad,

I believe that is a junction point file. It is a sort of a holding place for a file for backward compatibility. You will not be able to access it. It is a protected system file.

Well, I believe we tried just about everything that I can think of. I would recomend doing a repair install. Your settings and programs should remain intact afterwards. It is the only thing left that I know of that should solve your problem other than a clean install. You can take a look at this site for all the details on a repair installation of Vista.

Repair Install For Vista

Shawn
My System SpecsSystem Spec
Reply

Thread Tools


Similar Threads
Thread Forum
WLAN AutoConfig won't start | Windows Wireless Service won't start.... Network & Sharing
"Dependency service or group failed to start" and unable to start Diagnostic Policy Service manually Vista General
Windows Search Service Turns Off Vista General
Windows could not start the Windows Search service on Local Comput Vista file management
Windows Search service and Indexing Service do not work General Discussion


Vista Forums is an independent web site and has not been authorized,
sponsored, or otherwise approved by Microsoft Corporation.
"Windows Vista", the Start Orb, and related materials are trademarks of Microsoft Corp.
© Designer Media Ltd

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46