Check Disk - chkdsk

INFO: This will show you how to use and run Check Disk or chkdsk at startup from within Vista, the command prompt, and the registry to check for corruption and possibly repair errors and bad sectors on the hard drive.

NOTE: If you had changed your default boot screen, then you will need to temporarily uncheck the No GUI boot to be able to see what is happening when chkdsk is running at boot up.
See: How to Enable or Replace the Hidden Aurora Boot Screen in Vista

WARNING: This will take about 20 minutes or so to finish, depending on how big your hard drive is. Do not stop chkdsk once it has started, let it finish. It could cause errors on your hard drive. When you restart to chkdsk, you will only have 10 seconds to press a key to cancel chkdsk. Check for a sticky keyboard key stuck down. It will cancel the chkdsk at startup.

CHECK DISK WILL NOT RUN AT STARTUP PROBLEM:
If chkdsk will not run at startup after trying the methods below, then
see: How to Fix Chkdsk will Not Run at Startup in Vista

RELATED LINKS:
1. How to Repair and Verify the Integrity of Vista System Files with System File Checker

2. How To Perform a Repair Installation For Vista

3. How to Do a Clean Install of Vista From a Upgrade Version

4. How to Use the Memory Diagnostics Tool in Vista

5. How to Generate a System Health Report in Vista

6. How to Troubleshoot the Computer with Reliability Monitor in Vista

7. How to Do a Startup Repair in Vista

8. How to Do a System Restore in Vista

9. How to Use the DirectX Diagnostic Tool in Vista

10. How to Use the Resource Monitor in Vista

11. How to Fix a Crashing Internet Explorer in Vista

12. How to Start Vista in Safe Mode

13. How to Fix Chkdsk will Not Run at Startup in Vista


METHOD ONE:
Run Check Disk from within Vista :
NOTE: This method does not always run chkdsk when the computer restarts on some computers. I'm not sure why, but if this is your case, then you can do Method Two, Method Three, or Method Four below.

1. Open the Start Menu.
2. Click on the Computer button.
3. Right click on your hard drive and click Properties.
4. Click the Tools tab.
5. Click on Check Now under Error checking section. (See circled in red below)

Properties.jpg

6. Click Continue for UAC prompt.
7. Make sure both options are checked. (See screenshot below)
NOTE: The Automatically fix file system errors box will be checked by default.

8. Click Start button.

Check Now.jpg

9. You will get a pop-up window saying, "Windows can't check this disk while it's use". (See screenshot below)
10. Click Schedule disk check button for chkdsk to run the next time you restart your computer.

Schedule.jpg


METHOD TWO:
Using chkdsk in a Command Prompt :
OPTION ONE:
Run chkdsk in a Elevated Command Prompt :
1. Open the Start Menu.
A) In the white line (Start Search) area, type cmd
B) Right click on cmd (At Top), and click Run as administrator. (See screenshot below)

cmd_Start_Menu.jpg

C) Click Continue button for UAC if prompted.
D) Go to step 4 below.

OPTION TWO:
Run chkdsk in Safe Mode :
2. Restart the computer and boot into Safe Mode.
NOTE: See: How to Start Vista in Safe Mode
A) Go to step 1.

OPTION THREE:
Run chkdsk from the Vista Installation DVD Recovery Console :
3. Place the Vista installation DVD into the DVD drive and restart the computer.
A) Boot from the DVD into the System Recovery Options screen.
NOTE: See: How to Do a Startup Repair in Vista
B) Select Command prompt.
C) Continue on to step 4 below.

COMMAND PROMPT:
4. In command prompt, type chkdsk or chkdsk C: followed by one or a combination of switches listed in steps 4A to 4D below and press Enter. See the screenshot below for all switch combinations.
NOTE: If you want check disk to scan a drive other than the C: drive, then substitute the drive letter C: after chkdsk to the drive letter that you want.
EX: chkdsk E:

chkdsk_Help.jpg

Type One of these Commands to Run Chkdsk:
NOTE: The most common command is chkdsk /f or chkdsk C: /f

A) /f = The /f switch is the most common of the chkdsk switches. It tells chkdsk to try and fix any errors it finds.
EX: chkdsk /f or chkdsk C: /f
NOTE: Answer Y when chkdsk asks you if you want to check the drive next time Vista boots (restarts).

chkdsk_f.jpg

B) /r = The /r switch tells chkdsk to attempt to recover any bad sectors of the hard drive if any are found. A bad sector is a spot on the hard drive that cannot hold saved data anymore. (See screenshot below)
EX: chkdsk /r or chkdsk C: /r
NOTE: Answer Y when chkdsk asks you if you want to check the drive next time Windows Vista boots.

chkdsk_r.jpg

C) /i = The /i switch tells chkdsk to perform a less detailed but faster disk check. (See screenshot below)
EX: chkdsk /i or chkdsk C: /i
NOTE: This will run immediately.

chkdsk_I.jpg

D) /c = The /c switch tells chkdsk to skip the checking of cycles within a folder structure which reduces the scan time.
EX: chkdsk /c or chkdsk C: /c
NOTE: This will run immediately.

chkdsk_c.jpg

5. Close the command prompt.
6. Restart the computer to run chkdsk at startup.


METHOD THREE:
Using chkntfs and fsutil in a Command Prompt :
NOTE: This will reset all drives to be checked at startup and mark a drive as dirty so chkdsk will run at startup for it. Chkdsk will mark the drive clean again after it runs. If chkdsk does not run at startup, then do step 5 only to mark the drive clean again.

1. Open the Start Menu.
2. In the white line (Start Search) area, type cmd
3. Right click cmd (At Top), and click Run as administrator. (See screenshot below)

cmd_Start_Menu.jpg

4. Click Continue button for UAC prompt.

OPTION ONE:
5. To Reset and Check All Drives and Run CHKDSK if a Drive is Dirty -
A) In the command prompt, type chkntfs /d and press Enter. (See screenshot below)
NOTE: Restores the computer to the default behavior; all drives are checked at boot time and chkdsk is run on those that are marked dirty.
B) Go to step 7.

chkntfs_CMD.jpg

OPTION TWO:
6. To Check a Specific Drive and Run CHKDSK if the Drive is Dirty -
A) In the command prompt, type chkntfs /c C: and press Enter. (See screenshot below)
NOTE: This will schedule the C: drive to be checked at boot time. If the drive is marked dirty, then chkdsk will run. If you want to schedule another drive letter to be checked, then substitute C: with the drive letter you want checked instead.

chkntfs_C.jpg

7. To Mark a Drive Dirty -
A) In the command prompt, type fsutil dirty set c: and press Enter. (See screenshot below)
NOTE: This marks the c: drive as dirty so chkdsk will run at startup. If you want to run chkdsk on another drive letter, then substitute c: for the drive letter you want instead.
B) You will now get a Volume - c: is now marked dirty message.

Mark_Dirty.jpg

8. Close the command prompt.
9. Restart the computer.
NOTE: Chkdsk will now run at startup. If chkdsk does not run at startup, then run chkntfs /d in step 5A again and see: How to Fix Chkdsk will Not Run at Startup in Vista


METHOD FOUR:
Run Check Disk from the Registry :
Through a Download:
1. Click on Run_chkdsk.reg below to download it.
NOTE: If the hard drive you want to run chkdsk on has a different driver letter than C: , then do the Manual Way below to substitute C: with your drive letter instead.

Run_chkdsk.reg < Click to Download

2. Click on Save, and save the .reg file to the Desktop.
3. Right click the .reg (On Desktop) file and click Merge.
4. Click on the Run button for Security Warning pop-up.
5. Click on Continue (UAC), Yes, and then OK when prompted.
6. When done, you can delete the .reg file (On Desktop).

The Manual Way:
1. Open the Start Menu.
2. In the white line (Start Search) area, type regedit and press Enter.
3. Click the Continue button for the UAC prompt.
4. In regedit, go to: (See screenshot below step 5)
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager

5. In the right pane, right click on BootExecute and click Modify.

BootExecute_Reg.jpg

6. Highlight the code below, then right click on it and click Copy.
NOTE: If the hard drive you want to run chkdsk on has a different driver letter than C: , then substitute C: with your drive letter instead.

7. Clear the box, then right click on a empty area in the box and click Paste to copy the code above into it.
(See screenshot below)
8. Click OK.

Modify.jpg

9. The registry will now look like this. (See screenshot below)

BootExecute_Reg2.jpg

10. Close regedit.
11. Restart the computer to run chkdsk at startup.


That's it,
Shawn